Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition
Cardiovascular Nutrition
Dictionary Definitions of Key Terms:
- Arteriosclerosis = Term applied to a number of pathological conditions in which there is thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries, resulting in altered function of tissues and organs.
- Atherosclerosis = A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by a variable combination of changes of the intima of arteries, not arterioles, consisting of the focal accumulation of lipids, complex carbohydrates, blood and blood products, fibrous tissue and calcium deposits, and associated with changes in the media of the arteries.
- Coronary Heart Disease = Decreased flow of blood to the heart muscle to the extent that either basal needs for oxygen are unmet, or the oxygen supply is insufficient when an increased demand for oxygen is made, as in work. The cause is usually due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries; any other factor that limits flow of blood through these arteries may be involved.
- Hypercholesterolemia = Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood.
- Lipoproteins = Conjugated proteins consisting of simple proteins combined with lipid components: cholesterol, phospholipid, and triglyceride.
High-density Lipoproteins (HDL) = Plasma lipids bound to albumin, consisting of lipoproteins. They contain more protein than either very low-density lipoproteins or low-density lipoproteins.
Low-density Lipoproteins (LDL) = Plasma lipids bound to albumin consisting of lipoproteins that contain more protein than the very low-density lipoproteins.
Very low-density Lipoproteins (VLDL) = Plasma lipids bound to albumin consisting of chylomicrons and pre-lipoproteins . This class of plasma lipoproteins contains a greater ratio of lipid than the low-density lipoproteins and is the least dense.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) = Condition caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries. The symptoms include prolonged heavy pressure or squeezing pain in the center of the chest behind the sternum. The pain may spread to the shoulder, neck, arm and fourth and fifth fingers of the left hand, to the back, to the teeth, or to the jaw. These symptoms may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, sweating and shortness of breath. They may come and go.
Plaque = 1. A patch on the skin or on a mucous surface. 2. A blood platelet.
Source: Taeber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, Edition 16; F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia.
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